Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Guide For Parents

Understanding Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is crucial for parents who are navigating the difficulties of this condition. ASD is a developmental disability that can cause significant social, communication and behavioral challenges. Despite the wide range of experiences with ASD, there are some commonalities that can help parents in recognizing symptoms and finding the right kind of support for their children. We will explore the characteristics, diagnosis and educational options for children with autism, providing parents with the information they need to support their child’s development.

What Is Autism Spectrum Disorder?

Autism Spectrum Disorder is a complex developmental disability that typically appears during early childhood and affects a person’s ability to communicate, interact with others and learn in the same way as others. The term “spectrum” in ASD reflects that there is a wide variation in the type and severity of symptoms people experience.

ASD is characterized by challenges with social skills, repetitive behaviors, speech and nonverbal communication. The effects of ASD and the needs of a person can range from mild to severe and are often accompanied by unique strengths and differences.

Characteristics of autism in children

Children with ASD often display distinct behavioral characteristics, which may include:

• Lack of or delay in spoken language
• Repetitive use of language and/or motor mannerisms (e.g., hand-flapping, twirling objects)
• Little or no eye contact
• Lack of interest in peer relationships
• Lack of spontaneous or make-believe play
• Persistent fixation on parts of objects

Parents may notice signs during infancy, but most of the time, symptoms tend to become noticeable between 2 and 3 years old.

How Is Autism Spectrum Disorder Diagnosed?

Diagnosing ASD can be difficult as there is no medical test, like a blood test, to diagnose the disorder. Instead, doctors look at the child’s developmental history and behavior to make a diagnosis.

Early signs and screening

Early signs can include no babbling or pointing by age one, no single words by 16 months, no two-word phrases by age two, or the loss of previously acquired language or social skills. Pediatricians will often use a screening tool during regular well-child doctor visits.

Comprehensive diagnostic evaluation

If screening indicates the possibility of ASD, the next step is a comprehensive diagnostic evaluation, which may include a thorough neurological assessment, developmental questionnaires, and parental interviews.

What Are the Types of Autism Spectrum Disorder?

Previously, different kinds of autism such as Asperger’s Syndrome, Autistic Disorder, and Pervasive Developmental Disorder-Not Otherwise Specified (PDD-NOS) were recognized as separate disorders. However, the latest edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) has now classified them under one umbrella diagnosis of Autism Spectrum Disorder.

The spectrum of autism

The spectrum includes people with high-functioning autism, who may have average or above-average intelligence but struggle with social interactions, to those with more severe forms, who may have significant intellectual disabilities and require more substantial support.

Autism Symptoms in Children

Symptoms of autism in children can vary widely but are generally divided into two categories: problems with social communication and interaction and restricted or repetitive patterns of behavior or activities.

Social communication and interaction

Children with ASD might have difficulty with:

• Recognizing or understanding other people’s emotions and expressions
• Developing, maintaining, and understanding relationships
• Nonverbal communicative behaviors used for social interaction

Restricted and repetitive behaviors

This includes:

• Stereotyped or repetitive motor movements, use of objects, or speech
• Insistence on sameness and inflexible adherence to routines
• Highly restricted, fixated interests that are abnormal in intensity or focus
• Hyper- or hypo-reactivity to sensory input or unusual interest in sensory aspects of the environment

Schools for Children with Autism

Educational options for children with ASD vary depending on the child’s needs and the resources available. In the United States, the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) ensures that children with disabilities, including those with ASD, have the right to a free appropriate public education. LifeWorks School provides educational services for children with ASD, which you can read and learn more about on LifeWorks Schools Autism Spectrum Disorder Program page.

Individualized Education Program (IEP)

An Individualized Education Program (IEP) is developed for each public school child who is eligible for special education. The IEP outlines specific goals and the support needed for them to succeed.

Special education schools

Some parents may choose a special education school that specifically caters to children with ASD. These schools often offer smaller class sizes, specialized teaching methods and support services.

Mainstream schools

Inclusion in mainstream schools is also an option for many children with ASD. This often requires additional support and adjustments to be made by the school to meet the child’s needs.

Support for Families and Children With Autism

Families are not alone in this journey. There are numerous resources and support systems available to help.

Therapies and interventions

Various therapies can support children with ASD, such as:

• Behavioral therapy
• Occupational therapy
• Speech therapy
• Physical therapy

Support groups

Support groups for parents and families of children with ASD can provide emotional support and practical advice. These groups can be invaluable sources of information and community.

Essential Lessons for Supporting Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder

Autism Spectrum Disorder presents unique challenges and opportunities for growth for children and their families. Understanding the characteristics, how it’s diagnosed and the educational options available are the first steps in providing the necessary support for a child with ASD.

Parents and caregivers are encouraged to seek out resources, communicate with healthcare providers, and advocate for their child’s education and well-being. With appropriate support, children with ASD can lead fulfilling lives and reach their full potential.

At LifeWorks School, located in Doylestown, PA, we offer various services, which includes nutrition services and transition services, to provide support to children and their families. If you are interested in finding out more information about some of the other services we offer, view our services to learn more or call us today at 215-489-3028.